Measuring Business Process Learning †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Measuring Business Process Learning. Answer: Presentation: The contextual analysis is about the assembling procedure where the organization was picked Sungate Foods that is a rice delivering organization which can give the best nature of the rice for the customers and the association. Here, the best channel of circulation is set to deal with the classifications that are identified with the procedures, warehousing and the areas that are set in Western Victoria. The association has the most noteworthy of the promoting office that has been set in Melbourne, where Victoria additionally can without much of a stretch store the information with the rice huge amounts of around 30,000 measurements with the rice sum set in the stockrooms. (Diocesan, 2017). Sungate has been viewed as the greatest processing office, where there are 125,000 square feet that chip away at the association advancement with the creation of the higher caliber of rice. The association additionally center around purchasing the rice from the ranchers and afterward pack them to se ll them essentially at the worldwide and the national levels. This incorporates the age of the more income with the associations that are engaged with confronting the issue of the chronicle and the exchanges which lead to the exercise in futility of the association. The association purchases the items from 300 ranches that add to selling them at the globalized stages. The choices are for the association with an improved account of the exchange or the manual reemergences. The stock is set to try to finish orders. The association will in general face the issues of recording of the exchanges, where Sungate needs to concentrate on the data with the requirements to improve the association effectiveness. The administration centers around embracing the new innovation that annihilates the issues of recording, where the association centers around finding the reasonable programming with keeping the exchanges in a powerful manner.(Blount et al., 2016). Create business necessities Prophet chips away at the best programming designs with the attention on understanding the issues of the association and the executives of the activities in the business the board in a successful way. The product will in general improve the business tasks and improve the connection of the client where the business improvement is the association with the product that can satisfy the requests of the professional the chronicle of the dealers than the other client relations, where the last notoriety of the exchanges are finished. The product improves the proficiency of the framework in the association with conveying the quality administrations with the board. The dangers of security are additionally expelled by the product in the association the board which can without much of a stretch be improved through the effectiveness and the board of the exchanges. It incorporates the requirements of the exchange where Oracle programming can protect the information private and. The business depend s on working with the help for the various assessment rates and the monetary forms to assess the structure which is straightforward and could be permitted to work in the cloud dependent on the single bound together record. (Chongsombut et al., 2016). This will likewise permit the client to keep an eye on the advancement of the area and the activity of the framework in a viable way. The API takes a shot at empowering the gauges with the incorporation of the applications set with Xero. The execution of the ERP programming is principally available that offers the headway in the spending capacities according to the association needs. The investigation depends on Sungate Management which is for searching for the ERP guidelines of the product framework with cutting edge capacities for dealing with the data that will help in arranging the HR. The truth of the matter is considered about the Microsoft ERP which incorporates the administration of the framework with the association to offer the sorts of capacities and devices. The assortment, the board, and correspondence are to examine the data dependent on the inner and outer viewpoints. The usage of the Microsoft ERP is set with the organizing types of the reserve with a talented human asset for working the product. (Elliott, 2016). The principles are set with the ERP to deal with the activities for the Sungate that is utilized with the base of 100 staff in the handling and the distribution center areas in Western Victor ia. Here, the showcasing guidelines are for the most part to meet the processing office which encases the 125,000 square and furthermore requires the best possible advancement of foundation, equipment, and the specialized assets. This is primarily for the incorporation of the ERP in the association, where association likewise need to deal with the talented HR with the information about the capacities and the ERP executions according to the requirements of Sungate. (Greasley et al., 2017). The extra administration is likewise required for the assets to offer the preparation with appropriate use of the product with the execution. Programming and merchant choice Sungate Foods remember the ERP programming for the association with improved proficiency of the association, with sparing the administration from the day misfortune. The ERP programming wipes out the dull procedure where the association will in general decrease the exercise in futility, principally from the business. The product makes the assortment of the information simple with the encouraging of the association to evacuate any type of the superfluous information that originates from the association. The administration needs to designate the information with recognizing the data from the produced information. The information dissemination is set with the assortment of information or assortment by the various divisions. The product information can be kept up with top administration that can undoubtedly set to take the choices for recording the information. The product helps in the administration of the budgetary division to report the information and alter it. (Jferry et al., 2017). The help of the administration is to give the quality administrations to the clients to save records for the exchanges. The chronicle of the deals and the client administrations business that can without much of a stretch assistance n associating with the clients and offering the dependable types of assistance. The product will help in improving the connection between the client and association. ERP programming gives a superior security to the gathered information to guarantee that some other source won't duplicate gathered information. The limitations in information can likewise be expanded with improved activities of the association. The ERP programming is utilized for the administration than the association that can gather the information from 350 ranches with information time and set of the payable configuration. (Hong et al., 2016). Points of interest Cost Programming Cost $85000 Equipment $35000 Employing of specialists $25,000 Preparing of workers $5000 Absolute $1,50,000 As per the breakdown, there has been a rundown of the expenses for the buying and usage of the product would be for the mix. The financial plan of the association is for the most part to design and contribute with great data programming with beating the difficulties of the manual taking care of. Decide at any rate three (3) ways which organizations or associations use such innovations to improve business proficiency There are structures with the Microsoft Dynamics which incorporates the venture asset arranging arrangements with the applications, information, records and gadgets that will empower the association to control the funds with the administration of the assets. The business will help in increasing a more prominent control to grab hold of the expanded efficiency, decreased costs and improved type of the income. Microsoft ERP is for the arranging and for taking care of the business in a viable way. For this, there is a need to take a shot at planning and helping the association to chip away at the business in the various areas alongside streamlining the assets. The organizations chip away at adjusting the new chances and the development that is set by the administration of the evolving markets, with empowering the novel business prerequisites and interfacing the distinctive procedure of business.(Laosethhakul et al., 2016). The planning depends on assisting the association with the smoothed out way to deal with assistance the business elements with working on the various areas. The ERP applications will help in the administration of the flexibly chain with taking care of the current monetary information that reports for the openness of the distinctive business capacities. The structures are set to assess the mechanization procedure with the standard capacities that have been set to expand on how the workers need to concentrate on the basic undertaking. Here, the methodology is for furnishing the more noteworthy multifaceted nature perceivability with the key execution factors that are for the productivity and the expected issues. (Jinno et al., 2017). The elements are set connecting with the clients and building the customized experience which comes for the most part through the touchpoints of the client from the thought to the buy. The engaging of the representatives is for the instruments and the significant bits of knowledge so the work should be possible in a compelling way, with advanced activities to foresee the administration and business needs with insight handling. The change of the items is principally to advance the new plans of action and work on computerizing the procedures with moving from being responsive to being proactive. (Hong et al., 2016). Assess the degree of proficiency of the innovation usage The innovation that could be utilized is the distributed computing ERP by the Xero bookkeeping programming, which is best for dealing with the stock principles and the request for taking care of the product. There are measures for working over the business orders and different statements which are relying on how the buys are made. (Leu et al., 2016). Here, there is a need to assess the multi-money framework stock administration with the business request that incorporates the buying and hand

Learn About the Central Asian Country of Afghanistan

Find out About the Central Asian Country of Afghanistan Populace: 28,395,716 (July 2009 estimate)Capital: KabulArea: 251,827 square miles (652,230 sq km)Bordering Countries: China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and UzbekistanHighest Point: Noshak at 24,557 feet (7,485 m)Lowest Point: Amu Darya at 846 feet (258 m) Afghanistan, formally called the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a huge landlocked nation situated in Central Asia. Around 66% of its territory is rough and sloping and a significant part of the nation is scantily populated. Afghanistans individuals are exceptionally poor and the nation has as of late been attempting to accomplish political and monetary dependability regardless of the reappearance of the Taliban, following its fall in 2001. Afghanistans History Afghanistan was at one time a piece of the antiquated Persian Empire however was vanquished by Alexander the Great in 328 B.C.E. In the seventh century, Islam showed up in Afghanistan after Arab people groups attacked the territory. A few unique gatherings at that point attempted to run Afghanistans lands until the thirteenth century when Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire attacked the region. The Mongols controlled the region until 1747 when Ahmad Shah Durrani established what is available day Afghanistan. By the nineteenth century, Europeans started entering Afghanistan when the British Empire ventured into the Asian subcontinent and in 1839 and 1878, there were two Anglo-Afghan wars. Toward the finish of the subsequent war, Amir Abdur Rahman assumed responsibility for Afghanistan yet the British despite everything assumed a job in outside issues. In 1919, Abdur Rahmans grandson, Amanullah, assumed responsibility for Afghanistan and started a third Anglo-Afghan war in the wake of attacking India. Soon after the war started be that as it may, the British and Afghans marked the Treaty of Rawalpindi on August 19, 1919 and Afghanistan formally got free. Following its autonomy, Amanullah endeavored to modernize and join Afghanistan into world issues. Starting in 1953, Afghanistan again firmly adjusted itself to the previous Soviet Union. In 1979, however, the Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan and introduced socialist gathering in the nation and involved the zone with its military occupation until 1989. In 1992, Afghanistan had the option to topple Soviet guideline with its mujahideen guerrilla contenders and built up an Islamic Jihad Council that equivalent year to assume control over Kabul. Presently, the mujahideen started having ethnic clashes. In 1996, the Taliban at that point started ascending in power trying to carry soundness to Afghanistan. Be that as it may, the Taliban forced severe Islamic standard on the nation which went on until 2001. During its development in Afghanistan, the Taliban took numerous rights from its kin and caused pressures all through the world after the September 11 psychological oppressor assaults in 2001 on the grounds that it permitted Osama container Laden and other Al-Qaida individuals to stay in the nation. In November 2001, after United States military control of Afghanistan, the Taliban fell and its official control of Afghanistan finished. In 2004, Afghanistan had its first vote based decisions and Hamid Karzai became Afghanistans first president through political race. Legislature of Afghanistan Afghanistan is an Islamic Republic that is partitioned into 34 regions. It has official, authoritative and legal parts of government. Afghanistans official branch comprises of a head of government and head of state, while its authoritative branch is a bicameral National Assembly made up of the House of Elders and the House of People. The legal branch is involved a nine part Supreme Court and High Courts and Appeals Courts. Afghanistans latest Constitution was sanctioned on January 26, 2004. Financial matters and Land Use in Afghanistan Afghanistans economy is presently recuperating from long periods of precariousness yet it is viewed as probably the most unfortunate country on the planet. The vast majority of the economy depends on farming and industry. Afghanistans top rural items are opium, wheat, organic products, nuts, fleece, sheep, sheepskins and lambskins; while its mechanical items incorporate materials, compost, petroleum gas, coal and copper. Geology and Climate of Afghanistan 66% of Afghanistans landscape comprises of rough mountains. It likewise has fields and valleys in the northern and southwestern areas. The valleys of Afghanistan are its most populated zones and a great part of the countrys horticulture happens either here or on the high fields. Afghanistans atmosphere is dry to semiarid and has blistering summers and freezing winters. More Facts about Afghanistan Afghanistans official dialects are Dari and Pashto Life hope in Afghanistan is 42.9 years Only 10% of Afghanistan is underneath 2,000 feet (600 m) Afghanistans education rate is 36% References Focal Intelligence Agency. (2010, March 4). CIA - the World Factbook - Afghanistan. Recovered from: https://www.cia.gov/library/distributions/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html Geographica World Atlas Encyclopedia. 1999. Arbitrary House Australia: Milsons Point NSW Australia. Infoplease. (n.d.). Afghanistan: History, Geography, Government, Culture - Infoplease.com. Recovered from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107264.html US Department of State. (2008, November). Afghanistan (11/08). Recovered from: state.gov/r/dad/ei/bgn/5380.htm

A Complementary Post

A Complementary Post Music to complement this post Tweet to complement this post Post (article) to complement this post On Wednesday, I went to classes, graded some psets, did yoga in my P.E. class, worked on a blog post, attended the first session of the oil painting class Im taking this semester, and sat by the Charles River with a group of forty-odd students for a memorial event organized by Caroline M. 18. Afterwards, I spent a few hours working on psets in someone elses room, but by then it was Thursday, so it doesnt really count. Wednesday marked a year since the death of an MIT studentthats what the memorial was for. Caroline assembled lanterns to mimic the Japanese toro nagashi ceremony; on Wednesday night, we remembered and shared stories and hugged as the lanterns drifted away. Without going into any specific detail, Ill say that this year has, for me, mirrored last year in a paralyzing way. And maybe this is a sign that Im too self-absorbed, but whenever I hear about a tragedy, I will wonder, What I was doing at the exact time it happened? I cant say Im happy with the answers, especially this year. Ive been dabbling a lot in being out of my room and wearing suits because its recruiting season. But what if something happens to one of my friends and I can’t be there because I’m networking? What if something was wrong all along and I had no idea because I spent all my nights doing my work and all my days being a slave to my Google Calendar? Im always running to the next place on my schedule, but I dont really know where Im going or why its worth the time spent away from the people I care most about. Its all such a balancing actkeep your grades up, shower, find internships, make friends, eat meals, stay in shape, date, read the news, write good code, write good essays, be a shoulder to lean on, be passionate about something, be curious about everything else, plan for the future, stay creative and spontaneous, party, sleep, have intense conversations, be silly. Make time for psets, people, everything in between. Im stressed, youre stressed, and this entire campus could use a giant coffee, yet I just made a big post about career development, which is useful but also kind of awful because everyone I know is exhausted. So Im going to talk a little bit about everything else. 1) Im planning to paint part of this image. Its an edit of this photo of the sun rising over Llanganuco Valley in Peru. On Wednesday, after the hour by the Charles, I sat on the floor of my room with two friends. We struggled to open old tubes of paint, and it was so hopeless that I couldnt stop giggling. 2) Building balance and strength through yoga is always fun and challenging, but I also love flexibility and relaxation flows. Here are two videos that I really enjoy, in case you need a good stretch: [1] [2]. 3) Its Saturday night, and theres a party happening outside my room. My walls thrum with the bassline. Im lying in bed, writing this, still dressed in my clothes from the day. 4) I ate a lot of Clif bars today. Oops. 5) I got up at 9 today to buy groceries for a club event and also for the co-op (a cooking rotation, basically) on my floor. A recurring problem: too much food. 6) I cant stop looking at these photos of Iceland. 7) Thats all I can think of right now. Feel free to close this tab or even turn off your computer and go take a walk now!

Social And Economic Disparities Are Plaguing The City Of...

Social and economic disparities are plaguing the city of Baltimore. There are numerous issues that the city of Baltimore is facing, many of which did not come to light until the case of Freddie Gray. On April 2015, a 25-year-old black man by the name of Freddie Gray fell victim to police brutality. After the discovery of his death and the unreasonable way he was treated, Baltimoreans began to protest. The anger and frustration began to escalate due to other social and economic problems the city faces regularly. Christian Parenti, an American investigative journalist stated in 1997 â€Å" police violence is soaring†, during the â€Å"Zero tolerance† era. In 1994, Bill Clinton created the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement act. This act aimed enabled police officers to use the â€Å" stop and frisk method†. This act provided funding for local police officers and drug courts. As a result, many Blacks and Latino’s were charged with minor offenses. This law has been said to be the cause of high incarceration rates in many cities all over America. Another example of police brutality in Baltimore would be the McGee case of 1980. A detective that was off-duty proceeded to shoot and injure a 17-year-old black youth. Police Brutality has been seen in other cities across America. Such cases as the Trayvon Martin and Fidel Castro case have brought to light this prevalent issue. Red lining is a significant part of the history of Baltimore. The New Deals Public Works Administration createdShow MoreRelatedBlack History, By Sandra Bland1450 Words   |  6 PagesBefore using her Facebook as a means to connect young minds about civil rights movements and issues that still plagues the nation today, Sandra Bland used her social media like every other citizen. That is until just after Christmas of 2014 when she made the decision to speak up about â€Å"the economic crisis burdening young African Americans,† trying to, in her words, inform her readers about black history, or American history as she liked to describe it (Nathan). Sandra Bland, a 28 year old AfricanRead MoreTraining the Disabled Workforce Essay2437 Words   |  10 PagesEmployment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines people with intellectual disabilities as meeting the following three criteria: 1) Intellectual functioning level (IQ) below 70-75; 2) Significant limitations in adaptive skills à ¢â‚¬â€œ the basic conceptual, social and practical skills needed for everyday life; and 3) Disability began before age 18† (Kauffman 2007). Formerly, professionals would often misdiagnose those that suffered mental disability and would either offer them improper treatments or wrongfullyRead MoreThe Problems Of Police Violence2141 Words   |  9 Pagesus major problems in our society today—from economic stagnation to political corruption and to the constant feeling of danger from foreign countries. However, there has been a new problem rearing its tail over the last decade and more specifically, the last couple of years. Police violence towards African Americans in the United States has taken the country by storm and have caused multiple protests and riots. The racial profiling and stereotyping of black citizens by policemen and women around theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made o n Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesRichard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and

Individuals With Learning Disabilities Are All Unique

Individuals with learning disabilities are all unique. A learning disability, to me, is a condition that changes the way an individual learns and impacts how they are able to express the knowledge they have learned. Learning disabilities are separate from physical limitations because, according to IDEA ‘04, learning disabilities impact an individual’s ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. An individual with a learning disability most often does not appear at the surface to look different from their peers, but they require additional supports, strategies and instruction in order to be a successful student. I believe their brain is hardwired to learn differently from the â€Å"typical† student, and it is my job, as the special education teacher, to find out how the student learns best and provide them with the tools they need. In addition to knowing how students with learning disabilities learn differently, I also know they have to work harder than the average student. I have learned that my students need to establish positive relationships with their teacher. These individuals need to know there is someone who believes in them who is also able to motivate them to continue to give their best each and every day. They may also need frequent breaks and a change of pace in instruction and lessons to keep maintain their attention and effort. 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Heward (2014) stated that the physical characteristics and/or learning characteristics of exceptional children differ from the norm, either above or below, to such an extent that they require an individualized program of special education and related services to getRe ad MorePublic School Vs. Public Schools929 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents! There are actually quite a few students who attend public school but also have Individual Education Programs in place so that they can find success, in the average classroom setting. Often, the daily routine of these students varies greatly from those students to exclusively experience General Education. 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Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali Free Essays

The early 1920s art movement of surrealism was founded by Andre Breton, a French writer. Compared to other art groups or movements, surrealism focused on evoking the unconscious in painting. Members of this group showed immense importance in illustrating a â€Å"more profound reality revealed by the unconscious mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Most of the surrealists have unusual portrayal of images in their paintings. They create visuals that go â€Å"beyond mere painting to reach a new level of reality. † This extraordinary approach in creating a provocative image is derived from the surrealists’ dreams. The products of their subconscious mind combined with the concept of â€Å"enigma or mystery† have been their inspiration in producing eccentric but remarkable masterpieces (Artbeyondsight. com). One of the famous Surrealist painters who is well-known for his bizarre ideas and eccentric behaviors was Salvador Dali. Most of his artworks became and integral part in the advancement of the Surrealist aesthetic. His main objective was to â€Å"materialize images of concrete irrationality with the most imperialist fury of precision. More so, Dali’s paintings illustrated dream-like images but these were treated with precision and fine details that made the viewers enter a hallucinatory landscape. Dali named these paintings with dream and fantasy theme as â€Å"hand-painted dream photographs. † In these artworks, unusual placement of images and the modification of a specific form into another completely new form were evident. Because of this composition, it appears that most of Dali’s paintings defy the principle of Physics. He created images that represented the â€Å"irrational and unpredictable world of the dream† (Artbeyondsight. om). In the painting Persistence of Memory, Dali presented the unusual images of melted watches. Dali said that the elements present in this particular painting are â€Å"nothing else, but the Camembert cheese of space and time; tender, outlandish, solitary and critical-paranoiac† (3d-dali. com, 2008). This painting can be classified as a landscape painting, a self portrait or a still-life painting. It all depends on the viewers’ perception and knowledge on how to understand and interpret the painting. In terms of the visual elements exhibited, the background is a beach landscape while the foreground consists of the strange images of three melted pocket watches, the rectangular box and an animal-like creature. The unusual objects created a mysterious effect while the realistic lighting and coloring added a realness factor to the painting. At first glance, these may all seem meaningless and peculiar but if viewers would look closely and try to find out the rationale for putting these elements together, they could get a better grasp of understanding of the paintings and the inner workings of Dali’s mind. According to Robert Bradford, the bare, hard outline of the cliffs and the crystal light of the sky are there, but the empty, desert-like expanses of the painting are much closer to the topography of the min, to a dreamscape. The viewer’s anxiety is fermented precisely through the lack of clues of distance, of recognizable landmark, of time of day, of temperature-it could equally be as hot, or as cold as an unknown planet. We are in an arena of silence, a frozen nightmare, in which nothing moves or make a noise. (p. 146) Overall, the Persistence of Memory is an artwork that takes the viewers into a very interesting world wherein they are transported from the predictable realm of reality to a place filled with ambiguity and peculiarity. The techniques in coloring and brush strokes employed by Dali were conventional but it is the compositional aspects that stand out are the placement and the choice of objects displayed in the painting. This painting ingeniously juxtaposed the real with the make believe which are the primary characteristics of Surrealism. References 3d-dali.com. (2008). Salavador Dali Painitngs. Retrieved November 28, 2008, from http://www.3d-dali.com/dali_paintings_analysis_interpretation.htm Artbeyondsight.com. (n.d.). Salvador Dali and Surrealism. Retrieved November 28, 2008, from http://www.artbeyondsight.org/ahtts/dali-read.shtml Radford, R. (1997). Dali. London: Phaidon Press Ltd. How to cite Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali, Papers

Prevalence Trends and Environmental Influences

Question: Discuss about the Prevalence Trends and Environmental Influences. Answer: Introduction Obesity and child overweight are prevalent globally. The issue of obesity and child overweight is associated with hypertension, heart diseases, and diabetes just to mention a few. Childhood and adult obese are related to the number of obese males and female children account for 66% and 79%, which is similar to obese adults. Health services and district/country- childhood has focused economic cost upon hospitalization for the commodities of obesity, the increased expenditures are due to the increase in the outpatient and emergency room visits as well as prescription drug expenditures. When the normal children are compared with the overweight children, we find that the children suffering from obesity register a higher outpatient visit expenditure, higher prescription drug expenditures, and emergency room visit expenditure. Obesity is measured using the BMI. The paper assesses the national prevalence of obesity in school going children of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A 10% stratified random sample of children was taken from a completely 16,391 children in the United Arab Emirates[3]. Physicians and trained nurses measured the height and weight of these children and their body mass index (BMI) was computed. The BMI s of the United Arab Emirates were the compared with the most recent international standards that had been published and it showed that the children are a high increased risk of overweight and obesity. For example, the obesity in the female children is same as the obesity in a male who are fourteen years old. At eighteen years in females, the obesity is 1.9 fold higher than the most recent international standards that were published. In general, the rate of obesity among the youth is two to three times greater than the most recent published international standard. Obesity and overweight have very significant consequences as well as implications for a persons health, social care and the economy of the country. Effects of obesity on the following levels; as an individual with the condition of obesity, one will face several challenges in life like; theis increased in the risk of developing a wide range of serious diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, strokes, type II diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fertility problems, as well as some cancers. In childhood obesity, there consequences in physical and mental health both long term and short term. In addition, obesity facilitates to several psychological problems like anxiety, mood disorder, poor self-esteem, poor quality of life, and dissatisfaction of the body. Obesity has been linked with low concentration levels, social exclusion in schools and poor academic success. Social lives of children who are obese are also at risk, they tend to suffer from discrimination and prejudice, fewer friends and a very low educational attainment. Families are the most important influences on the health choices that the children and youth make. Therefore, parents and guardians have a higher potential for preventing obesity and excess weight gain. The lifestyles we have adopted promote unhealthy eating and encourage sedentary activities better than physical activities. However, parents and guardians can take charge, provide their children, and share experiences necessary to ignore and put away the unhealthy cues and be able to make healthy choices to prevent excess weight gain and obesity. Childhood has focused economic cost upon hospitalization for the commodities of obesity; the increased expenditures are due to the increase in the outpatient and emergency room visits as well as prescription drug expenditures. When the normal children are compared with the overweight children, we find that the children suffering from obesity register a higher outpatient visit expenditure, higher prescription drug expenditures, and emergency room visit expenditure. Causes and factors that influence the emergence of this disease. Looking at obesity just on the surface, its cause looks to be very simple, that once you consume high levels calories compared to what your body can burn as energy through the physiological activities then one will simply increase weight. However, like many other things this simple explanation is always incomplete. The risk factors, which eventually lead to obesity, are a combination of socioeconomic factors, genetics, lifestyle choices, metabolic factors, and many other factors. Other causes are endocrine disorders, medicines, and diseases[4]. The common factors causing obesity include: According to Malik, one can inherit a tendency that will lead to obesity. If it happens that one or both of ones parents is obese then the chances of being obese increase by a whole twenty-five percent[5]. Heredity tends to also influence where one can carry weight, could be the hips, or the middle of ones body. Metabolic expending energy is different in different people. Hormonal factors and metabolism are not the similar for everyone, but these factors play a major role in ones weight gain. Studies prove that peptide hormone and ghrelin regulate appetite, other peptide trigger hunger and give one a feeling of being full after eating[6]. Overeating combined with sedentary lifestyle leads majorly to obesity. Changing ones character can easily change these lifestyle decisions. If ones diet contains calories from highly fat, sugar, and refined foods then one is likely to gain weight and be obese. Coupling this with no regular exercises it becomes very difficult or one to lose weight or just maintain their weight. In children and the youth, activities, which do not expend energy, like watching TV and sitting at a personal computer greatly leads to weight gain. Role played by globalization, culture, and nutrition transition in the development or extent of obesity Nutrition transitions refer to the modernization, development of the economy, urbanization and increased income, which facilitates to the predictable shifts in diet[7]. Nutrition transition is categorized into five distinctive patterns they are; These are individuals, who lead a very active lifestyle; they hunt and forage for food. Their diet is composed of fibrous plants and very rich in protein from the lean animals they hunt in the wild[8]. As the income, keeps increase these individuals, have a better access to the abundant foods rich in calories, and thus become lesser active. This, therefore, leads to obesity and other obesity-related chronic diseases like heart disease, some cancers, and diabetes[9]. In response to the high frequency of obesity and the obesity-relateddiseases, these individuals are forced to change their behaviors and the community promote the character changes which will avoid such conditions. The middle-income countries like the United Arab Emirates are moving from pattern three rapidly, which is the end of drought to part four, which is consuming many energy-dense diets. This kind of shift from the traditional cultural diets to the lifestyle in the developed countries is the major contributor to obesity and excess weight gain. The effects of sex, age, and genetics Science proves that genetics have a role in obesity. Genes have the power to cause obesity in disorders like Prader-Willi syndrome. Genes will not always predict ones future health but genes and character are both needed for one to be obese. In many occasions, multiple genes will require ones susceptibility to excess weight gain and other factors required such as little or no physiological work. Women have a poor obesity-related QOL as compared to the men. In lower age groups, obese women have a poor obesity-related QOL as compared to the normal womens weight. In men, however, the obese men have no difference at all in obesity-related QOL. In older age groups, obese men have better QOL than the normal men and the women still have a poor QOL[10]. Obesity has become the main influence on the development of the cardiovascular diseases and thereby affecting the physical and also social functioning as well as the quality of life. The importance of effective interventions that will reduce obesity has really increased as the number of children and the adults who are obese is now at epidemic proportions[11]. Population-based strategies prevent the development of obesity and overweight throughout life by improving physical and social environments contexts for physical activity and healthy eating is very important. The population-based approaches to prevent obesity and overweight recommend approaches that can complement individually oriented interventions and also clinic-based prevention as well as programs for treatment. Almost all the current eating and activity patterns in the United Arab Emirates are those that lead to weight gain and obesity. Population approaches coupled with policy and environmental changes have the capability to increase the opportunities for healthier eating behaviors, physical activity that will not require a deliberate action by individuals and will help in addressing inequalities[12]. Modifying people lives through population-based approaches to affect peoples choices includes having the following areas assessed to identify the targets for change; locations of first food restaurants, adequate sidewalks that will promote physical activity, availability of public means of transport, restaurant portion sizes and the availability of low-fiber foods, high fat and sweetened foods. Public Health Approach Reducing the mobility and mortality that is related to obesity is actually a public health priority. The government has come up with various interventions in schools in the United Arab Emirates, which aim to achieve or maintain a healthy weight among the children and the youth. A good example of the strategies to prevent obesity is the School-Based Programs. The school environment is very important being that ninety percent of the Arab children and youth at the age of five to seventeen are in school and they eat one to two meals there[13]. This program targets the children in schools and the intended outcome is to achieve or maintain a healthy weight. This program includes nutrition education as well as exercise components. This prevention strategy in schools is implemented in the following ways; limiting access to unhealthy foods such as refined grains, potatoes, sweets, red and processed meat in the school environment, increasing physical activities by incorporating games after classes, P.E lessons where children play, including sports days in the school calendar etc[14]. Giving the students enough homework so as to limit the television time, screen time and all other set time activities which do not expend energy. In addition, lower grade children should be allocated time for sleeping in order to reduce their stress levels[15]. When all this is done properly in an institution then the risk of obesity will be highly reduced. Challenges, barriers in the implementation The numbers of the controlled preventive strategies that target children are relatively small. School-based programs have succeeded in reducing the dietary fat intake, energy intake and limiting the sedentary activities like watching television. The short-term intervention programs have been documenting successful BMI changes, which in turn open long-term interventions[16]. However, there is an increased concern in the obesogenic environment. The characteristics of this environment make energy balance maintenance become difficult. The environment has high energy density and foods that arent expensive, which increase the opportunities to consume[17]. Reduced physical activities due to automobile, elevators, as well as escalators, are the major causes of obesity. The sedentary leisure time is increased and there are limited opportunities to have physical recreational activities. Definitely, both children and their families are always put to this kind of unhealthy environment and thus all efforts that are associated with modifying excess weight gain and obesity must address the societal and cultural factors or at the very least consider the potential impact on household based or school prevention programs[18]. The government of the United Arab Emirates should insist on the prevention strategies of obesity and excess weight gain and limit the sedentary lifestyle completely. This can be done by making policies that people will be forced to adhere to. Incorporating prevention strategies at almost all public and private setting is yet another solution towards the challenges faced in preventing obesity[19]. Conclusion Obesity is associated with some of the major leading cause of health complications. In addition, obesity can contribute to psychological issues like depression, anxiety, low quality of life, and poor self-esteem. For school going children, obesity can lead to reduced concentration levels, low level of academic success, and exclusion. In this case, the social life of obese children is wanting as most of this children face discrimination from the other children. Parents and caregivers have the responsibility of ensuring children take the right foods and in correct portions. Therefore, parents and caregivers have the duty to prevent overweight and obesity in children. Other than food intake, parents should encourage their children to participate in physical activity. In addition, proper health choices should make available to children in order to prevent obesity and overweight. Bibliography Al-haddad FH, Little BB, Abdul Ghafoor AG. Childhood obesity in United Arab Emirates schoolchildren: a national study. Annals of Human Biology. 2005 Jan 1;32(1):72-9 Malik M, Barry A. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in the United Arab Emirates. Obesity reviews. 2007 Jan 1;8(1):15-20 Wang Y, Lim H. The global childhood obesity epidemic and association between socio-economic status and childhood obesity. Kelishadi R. Childhood overweight, obesity and the metabolic syndromes in developing countries. Epidemiolic reviews 2007;29(1).62-76 Salmon J. Prevalence trends and environmental influences on child and youth physical activity. Med Sport Sci. (Review). Medicine and Sport Science 2007;12(1).67-3 Pollan, Michael. You Are What You Grow New York Times Retrieved 200;7(1).30-1 Metabolism alone doesnt explain how thin people stay thin. John Schieszer. The Medical Post. Farooqi S. Genetics of obesity in humans Endocr Rev. (Review) 2006;27(7): 710-18. Walley, Andrew. The Genetic Contribution of non-syndromic human obesity Nat Rev. Genet. 2009;12(1):45-6 Harman A. Regulation of Energy Balance by Leptin. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes (Review). 2016;104 (4): 293-300 Gupta N, Childhood obesity in developing countries: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Endocrine reviews. 2012 Jan 12;33(1):48-70. Musaiger AO, Radwan HM. Social and dietary factors associated with obesity in university female students in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of the Royal Society of Health. 1995 Apr;115(2):96-9 Kelishadi R. childhood obesity in developing countries. Epidemiologicreviews. 2007;29(1):62-76 Musaiger AO. Overweight and obesity in theeastern Mediterranean region: prevalence and possible causes. Journal of obesity. 2011 Sep 18;2011 Cubeddu LX, Effects of a sedentary lifestyle. American Journal. 2008 Jan1;21(1):105-10 Henry CJ, Al-Hourani HM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult females in the United Arab Emirates. International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 2009 Jan 1;60(3);26-33 Scott K, Parents, Teachers and Students Perceptions of Childhood Obesity in the Middle East. European Scientific Journal. 2013. Dec. 1 Scott KD Teachers parents and students perceptions of childhood obesity in the Middle East. (Doctoral dissertation.) TEACHERS COLLEGE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. Bloushi KA. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases in the United Arab Emirates. International Dental Journal 2008 Aug 1;58(S4) Harman A. Regulation of Energy Balance by Leptin. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes (Review). 2016;104 (4): 293-300

Adoption By Gays- Its Okay Essays - Same-sex Sexuality,

Adoption By Gays- It's Okay ?When a gay couple sought to adopt a boy- who had leukemia, had been neglected by his biological parents, had lived in five foster homes, and whose adoption was favored by his legal representative- the judge deemed it ?not in the interest of a seven-year-old male child to be placed for adoption into the home of a pair of adult male homosexual lovers.'?(Utne 58) Three years of searching for a qualified heterosexual couple failed. This and many other similar cases have denied children a family by ignoring many qualified homosexuals. With this being an age when people are supposedly more open-minded, why is it that gays are treated this way just because of their sexual orientation? Many Americans are still uncomfortable with the idea of gay parents. The traditional family has always included a mother and a father. However, today more and more families are being headed by gay parents. Some have children from previous marriages. Many must use artificial insemination or surrogate mothers because it is extremely difficult for gays to adopt children. Although it seems to contradict society's view of the traditional family, homosexuals should be allowed to adopt because they deserve equal rights, and sexual orientation is not a reasonable determining factor in the qualifications of a parent. Also, allowing them to adopt can actually help society. ?Surveys suggest that a large majority of the American public generally favor anti-discrimination laws.?(Harris 2) Why then, according to a Newsweek survey, do only 36% of those surveyed think gay couples should have the right to adopt? Samuel Chavers, assistant general counsel for Children and Families, says ?adoption is not a right; it's a privilege.? If this is true, there is still not a rational basis for denying homosexuals the ?privilege? to adopt. It is clearly an anti-gay bias. Although only two states specifically ban adoption by gays, most states discourage it. Just as blacks and women have fought for equal rights, gays are now struggling to do the same. It is unfair to single out a group of people with many members who would make great parents. Since we live in a world where ?all men are created equal?, homosexuals should enjoy the same rights as heterosexuals. Gays face discrimination because of their sexual preferences, and they must also face the qualifications for adopting. ?June Amer has a son of her own, whom she and her partner have raised. They wanted to adopt a second child. Amer truthfully filled out an application form that asked whether she was a homosexual. Her application was immediately rejected.?(Fitzgerald 1B) This was a woman who had already proved to be a good parent and who lived in a healthy environment. She could have provided much-needed care for another child. Her only characteristic that did not meet the qualifications was that she had a female lover. Because of this reason, many qualified applicants are being turned down. It is great that people are willing to adopt children, but it is terrible that this one qualification is stopping so many of them. ?Sexual orientation alone doesn't make a person a good or bad parent.?(Kantrowitz 57) ?Hedy Weinberg, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Tenne ssee, agrees. ?The goal should be to identify those homes that would provide nurturing environments. The determination should not be sexual orientation.'?(Wagner 1) Adoption agencies need to quit using sexual orientation as a factor. A family is a family. That is exactly what so many children today are in need of: a family. ?There are now 36,000 children in this country- in foster homes or institutions- who are free for adoption.(Utne 54) These children need the love that homosexuals can provide just as well as heterosexuals. If the many willing gays could adopt these children, it would help our society by lessening the problem of children without families. A home is much better than an institution, or worse, the streets. It would also help by diversifying society. All people are not the same, so why should all families have to be the same? If children are adopted by gay parents, more people will become accepting and open-minded towards different lifestyles. Society will definitely be positively affected the day that homosexuals

Free Essays on Latour

The Three Sides Of Latour Death Comes For The Archbishop by Willa Cather is a book about the life and adventures of Jean Marie Latour. As the book progresses, Latour takes on many titles such as Father, Bishop and ultimately Archbishop. Along his travels Latour comes upon characters, many of which are quite similar. There are those characters that Cather deliberately writes more about to catch the readers attention. These characters are Father Martinez, Father Vaillant and Jacinto. In each of these characters Cather creates foils of Latour. There is something in his three foils that Latour wishes were a part of him. â€Å"He had an altogether compelling personality, a disturbing, mysterious, magnetic power† (pg.150). This quote shows exactly what Latour admired in Martinez. This admiration is odd because Martinez is a man whose actions contrast with those that a man of the church is supposed to perform. Another side to this is that Latour sees some of Martinez’s qualities within himself and he hates that. In my life I have felt like Latour does in this situation. I find a person who is seen as having bad qualities and I see myself being that person. This makes me angry and I become more hostile to that person than I should be. This is the same with Latour and Martinez. Martinez’s selfish and un-priestly ways make his better qualities stand out even more. The quality that Latour admires most in Martinez is his fire and passion conveyed in his sermons. Martinez may not be a man who follows all the rules but he is a man of deep faith in what he preaches. This is that quality th at Latour wishes that he had. He wishes he had the ability to show his faith as well as Martinez. The next foil of Latour is his lifetime friend Father Joseph Vaillant. Father Joseph is the closest person in the book to Latour. He is faithful, intelligent and strong willed. The quality in Father Joseph that is most admired by Latour is that of determination. C... Free Essays on Latour Free Essays on Latour The Three Sides Of Latour Death Comes For The Archbishop by Willa Cather is a book about the life and adventures of Jean Marie Latour. As the book progresses, Latour takes on many titles such as Father, Bishop and ultimately Archbishop. Along his travels Latour comes upon characters, many of which are quite similar. There are those characters that Cather deliberately writes more about to catch the readers attention. These characters are Father Martinez, Father Vaillant and Jacinto. In each of these characters Cather creates foils of Latour. There is something in his three foils that Latour wishes were a part of him. â€Å"He had an altogether compelling personality, a disturbing, mysterious, magnetic power† (pg.150). This quote shows exactly what Latour admired in Martinez. This admiration is odd because Martinez is a man whose actions contrast with those that a man of the church is supposed to perform. Another side to this is that Latour sees some of Martinez’s qualities within himself and he hates that. In my life I have felt like Latour does in this situation. I find a person who is seen as having bad qualities and I see myself being that person. This makes me angry and I become more hostile to that person than I should be. This is the same with Latour and Martinez. Martinez’s selfish and un-priestly ways make his better qualities stand out even more. The quality that Latour admires most in Martinez is his fire and passion conveyed in his sermons. Martinez may not be a man who follows all the rules but he is a man of deep faith in what he preaches. This is that quality th at Latour wishes that he had. He wishes he had the ability to show his faith as well as Martinez. The next foil of Latour is his lifetime friend Father Joseph Vaillant. Father Joseph is the closest person in the book to Latour. He is faithful, intelligent and strong willed. The quality in Father Joseph that is most admired by Latour is that of determination. C...

Operational Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operational Strategy - Essay Example The most prominent of these companies was Webvan, which reached a stock market value of $7.9 billion at the end of its IPO. Webvan, Home Grocer, PeaPod and several other Internet grocers made huge bets that selling groceries online was a growth market and represented a new way of doing business. Unfortunately, as has been illustrated by the widely publicized collapses of these high profile Internet grocers, there was a substantial gap between theory and practical application. In contrast, there are currently several examples of grocery and other food delivery companies that appear to be making effective use of the Internet as a link with customers. In particular, both Tesco in the UK and Albertson's in the USA currently have Internet channels for selling groceries that are profitable (Hall, pp.A9; Koller, 13-14). Whereas many of the failed Internet grocers appeared to be hoping to capture a large portion of the overall grocery market, companies such as Tesco and Albertson's view Internet ordering of groceries more as an additional sales channel. This channel is unlikely to ever represent a majority of grocer sales, but even a small portion of sales can be quite significant due to the huge size of the overall market. We will first focus on t... We will also examine Webvan and Tesco using a methodology for analyzing the benefits and challenges of e-services in virtually any industry (Boyer et al., 177-90). This methodology borrows from the product profiling method developed by Hill and used in operations strategy (Hill, 2004). It allows for comparisons between traditional and e-commerce methods on nine operations-related scales. This will provide a pictorial explanation of why Webvan was unable to succeed while demonstrating why Tesco is more likely to be more successful. Strategic Alignment One stream of research on operations strategy has focused on the strategic process, including how strategies are developed and refined. In retrospect it is possible to explain the failure of a company such as Webvan and the relative success of Tesco through an evaluation of the strategic process. This section reviews basic theory on the strategic process and utilizes this theory to better understand the likelihood of success in the Internet grocery business. Porter (2001, p. 62) criticized many of the pioneers of Internet business for violating basic strategic principles: "Gaining competitive advantage does not require a radically new approach to business; it requires building on the proven principles of effective strategy". We will examine Webvan as an example of a company that in a rush to prove it was a model "new economy" company, violated several fundamental strategic principles, including the need to match operations and marketing strategies. The operations strategy process is most often modeled as a hierarchical one in which functional strategies such as operations, logistics, marketing and finance are driven by the higher level business strategy. A key

Enhancing Managerial Skills- Managerial accounting Assignment

Enhancing Managerial Skills- Managerial accounting - Assignment Example They use this information to forecast the business growth since it makes it possible to base their decisions on facts gathered from data collected about the business. This helps business entities to overcome future challenges that may make it difficult for the business to operate efficiently (Dopson, 2009). The success of any business rests on proper planning. A good budget will enable the organization achieve its desired outcomes. A management accounting course equips managers with the requisite skills needed to make informed decisions regarding some of the most critical business activities that involve planning, organizing, and controlling. This is because managers are able to anticipate and forecast revenues and expenses of the business in the planning process to make informed decisions that move the business forward. Managerial accounting skills enable managers to adapt swiftly to the changing business world.. The skills equip managers with knowledge needed to timely respond to these rapid business changes. This is because it is not controlled by accounting principles rather it gives managers the possibility of abstract thinking to arrive at timely decisions. Managerial accounting has proved inevitable in every aspect of business activity. This is because businesses cannot move forward without proper planning and the ability to anticipate and forecast business trends help in arriving at informed decisions that assist the business achieve its desired

Louis Isadore Kahn Architect: Fisher House

Louis Isadore Kahn Architect: Fisher House Louis Isadore Kahn was born on February 20, 1901 on the Island of Saaremaa, Estonia to Leopold and Bertha Mendelsohn. Upon emmigrating to the state of Philadelphia in the U.S, the early part of the familys life was marked by extreme poverty as Kahns father suffered a terrible back injury which forced the family to lean heavily on the knitted clothing samples produced by Kahns mother for financial stability. In his younger years Kahn had suffered severe burns to his face because he got too close to a collection of burning coals; when asked about why he defied his senses, Kahn said that he was attracted by the beautiful colours of the embers. This tragic accident suggests that Kahn experienced much curiosity from a very young age, for materials and their means, hence why he got so close to the burning coals. It is believed that Kahns first architectural masterpiece was the Yale University Art Gallery (1951-1953). This contribution complemented Kahns modernistic approach because it presented how he interpreted the environment which surrounded that particular area where the Gallery was built. For instance, the interior spaces seemed to evoke an entirely different world from the brash mass-produced outside environment. Kahn achieved this by using standardized panels, suspended ceilings, subtle effects of light falling over the triangulated web of the concrete ceiling and by the direct use of materials, evident in the bare yet elegant concrete piers. Kahns method of design was influenced by his schooling under the Beaux-Arts system at Philadelphia lead by Paul Cret. In Kahns education great emphasis was placed upon the discovery of a central and appropriate generating idea for a building which was to be captured in a sketch, rather like an ideogram. This approach to teaching was supposed to educate young architects with old lessons. This influence appears evident in Kahns work due to the appreciation he presents for the materials. It was supposed that Kahn would talk to the materials being used in his designs. Kahns immersion in the artistic realm was shaped by two individuals, both of whom were products of Thomas Eakins Romantic Realism teaching method, J. Liberty Tadd and William Gray. J. Liberty Tadd, teacher at the Public Industrial Art School, worked directly under Eakins and crafted his teaching style closely to Eakins methodology. Tadd pushed students to ?nd their own means of expression rather than teach through regulated norms. Central High School teacher William Gray studied under Eakins-disciple Thomas P. Anshutz at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts from 1889-1891. Furthermore Kahn developed a structural-Rationalist emphasis on construction, and in later life several of his strongest ideas relied upon poetic interpretations of basic structural ideas. Kahn had learned much from Le Corbusiers Vers une architecture and learned much from Sullivan and Wright and later from Mies van der Rohe. Kahn had the ability to avoid some of the shortfalls experienced by other major U.S architects; he was capable of handling problems of a large size without degenerating into either an additive approach or an overdone grandiosity. For instance, he knew how to fuse together modern constructional means with traditional methods. Ultimately, this demonstrates Kahns modernistic outlook between the juxtaposing materials and the impression they had on that particular building whilst maintaing the buildings principle function. The Fisher House is an example whereby Louis Kahn demonstrates his modernistic influences yet traditional means of design; this is a prime example where Kahn uses his progressive style of teaching which is expanded on above. Kahn was said to have treated his housing projects as experiments and the Fisher House was no exception. The Fisher family would at times grow tiresome of Kahns constant need to find fault with his design then proceed to start from scratch once again. However, this gave him opportunities to explore many of the unique ideas which he himself had formed. The Fisher House was located on a site which sloped gently down from a main road to a small stream. It consists of three cubes, two large ones connected together and a small, seperate one. These cubes, together with the existing trees, form two inter-connected outdoor spaces: an entrance court and a kitchen court. This idea shows how Kahn utilises the old with the new, for instance the aged trees and new cubic shaped rooms whilst maintaining the use of the rooms. Furthermore two large cubes, connected diagonally, contain two distinct groups of activities. The first cube contains an entrance and the master bedroom suite with dressing room and bathroom on the first floor and two smaller bedrooms on the second floor. The second cube is connected by a large opening to the entrance lobby. The two-story-high first floor contains the kitchen and the living areas seperated by a free-standing stone fireplace. Fisher House This image supports the abstract above, whereby the cubic rooms are designed for particular activities that the Fisher family partake in. The particular design of the building creates a fluidity throughout because each room is lay out in a particular order, which has been carefully thought out by Kahn yet, appears effortless when walking through the house. It shows that Kahn was particularly talented in imagining the final house and how its occupants would use it. The preservation of architecturally significant structures has begun to experience a shift in both style and future use. The tide has shifted towards structures that were both disdained and revered during their time. Modernist structures, while simplistic in form and function, contain a high degree of embedded meaning and significance for the materials used. Kahns use of traditional forms, augmented by the precision of modern technology throughout his work represents his multifaceted approach to design, attempting to appeal to both the psyche and the materials, themselves, in order to maintain their trueness to Form. Kahn was not merely recycling traditionalism, but rather retranslating known forms in both assembly and aesthetics in order to convey a certain aura. To conclude, it could be suggested that Louis Kahn was a significant architect because he was ahead of his time. This was due to to his appreciation for new technology in a changing world, yet upholding the importance of the materials themselves which was a classical portrayal of design. PbS Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Optical Properties PbS Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Optical Properties Sruti Hemachandran Menon Abstract— PbS quantum dots have attracted more attention in quantum dot sensitized solar cells as sensitizers on photoanode because of its high efficiency, high absorption coefficient and broad range of absorption. In this paper, we synthesized PbS quantum dots on the glass substrate coated with TiO2 paste by SILAR (Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction) method The quantum dot size was varied by varying the number of cycles and the UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer ,XRD Diffractometer and AFM were used to characterize the quantum dots. Index Terms—Quantum dot sensitized solar cells, quantum dots, SILAR. INTRODUCTION Quantum dot sensitized solar cells are the next generation solar cells because of their ability to absorb more light owing to its high surface to volume ratio, size dependent optical properties, ease of fabrication and low cost. Most of the research has been done for II-VI semiconductor compounds and out of these compounds PbS is found to have more efficiency and more absorption coefficient. Moreover it has high Bohr radius (around 18nm) [1] which gives it stronger quantum confinement and broadens the optical absorption area. PbS quantum dots have wide absorption range covering visible and near infrared,[2]. In this paper, we have focussed on the development of PbS quantum dot layer on the electrode for solar cell application as a photoanode. For maximum electron transport from quantum dot sensitizer to the electrode an intermediate layer of TiO2 is deposited on the glass substrate by Doctor Blade method. The layer after appropriate heat treatment is subjected to the SILAR(Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction) process where the lead sulphide quantum dots are deposited by use of appropriate concentration of precursors and proper dipping and rinsing times. The size of the quantum dots are varied by increasing the SILAR cycles. The advantage of SILAR over other techniques is that the synthesis takes place at room temperature and is simple.The optical characteristics and diameter of the quantum dots are characterized by UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer and Contact-mode Atomic Force Microscope imaging. The phase and type of PbS formed is determined by Xray diffractometer. II. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION A. Materials Titanium dioxide(TiO2) nanopowder-20nm anatase phase , 2M nitric acid (HNO3) were required for the preparation of TiO2 paste and methanolic solutions of Lead Nitrate(PbNO3),methanol and sodium sulphide( Na2S) were used for the SILAR process and acetone for cleaning purposes. B. Preparation of TiO2 film The Titanium dioxide paste is prepared by making a mixture of 1.2g of TiO2 nanopowder and 0.6mL of 2M conc. nitric acid (HNO3).This paste is uniformly formed on the glass substrate by doctor blade method in which the TiO2 paste is deposited on one end of the area marked by tapes and uniformly spread by using a blade or a glass slide. The TiO2 coated glass was then dried at 80oC for half an hour followed by annealing at 450oC for 30 mins. This improved the adsorption of the TiO2 film. C. Synthesis of PbS quantum dot on the TiO2 coated glass by SILAR method For coating PbS quantum dots by SILAR method, the TiO2 coated glass is successively dipped in methanolic solution of 0.02M Pb(NO)3 and methanolic solution of 0.02M Na2S for 1 min each. Lower the molarity more dispersed is the quantum dot deposition on the TiO2. Between each dipping the substrate is rinsed with methanol for 1 min and air dried for some time to remove the excess precursors. This is one cycle which was repeated for increasing the quantum dot sizes. Figure 1 shows the colour variation observed with change in the SILAR cycles. It was observed the colour of the film changed from white (TiO2) to reddish black in colour when the SILAR cycle was increased to 4 cycles. With increase in the cycles, the particle size increased and hence the energy bandgap Eg decreased indicated by the colour change in the film.3] Fig.1. Sample images showing the colour changes with increase in the SILAR cycles D. Characterization UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer ( Jasco Spectrophoto-meter V670) was used to observe the absorption properties of TiO2 and TiO2 coated PbS quantum dots. The absorption plots were taken using glass slides as the reference and the wavelength range extended from UV to near Infrared. It provided the information like increase in the absorption after depositing PbS and also bandgap information from tauc plot. The Xray diffractometer was used to obtain the diffraction patterns of the TiO2 and PbS films and to identify the phases and type of quantum dot obtained. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Structure and Surface Morphology Figure 2a and 2b shows the XRD pattern of glass slide/TiO2 and glass slide/TiO2/PbS film obtained from four SILAR cycles respectively. The pattern shows peaks of glass, TiO2 and PbS. The bulging shape and noisy peaks observed in the XRD is due to the amorphous glass. Also the peaks of TiO2 are more prominent in 2b due to thin coating of PbS. The comparison of TiO2 XRD and JCPSD 21-1272 confirms its anatase phase and tetragonal crystal form. The XRD of TiO2 matches with JCPSD data at 26.3o (011), 37.3o (004), 43.03o (220), 48.08o (020), 53.83o (015), 5.12o (121), 62.5o (400) and 68.8o (331). The XRD of glass slide/TiO2/PbS coincides at 25.3o (011), 37.9o (004), 48.08o (020), 53.93o (015) and 55.12o (121) values of 2ÃŽ ¸ of JCPSD 21-1272 confirming presence of TiO2 anatase form and coincides at 43.09o (220), 62.5o (400), 68.8o (331) values of 2ÃŽ ¸ of JCPSD 05-0592 confirming the cubic form of PbS galena. [4] Fig. 2. XRD Pattern of (a) glass slide / TiO2 showing the presence of tetragonal anatase form of TiO2 (b) glass slide / TiO2 / PbS showing cubic of PbS galena and anatase tetragonal TiO2 Optical Properties The absorption v/s wavelength curve and the tauc plot obtained from UV-Vis-NIR Spectrometer and Diffusive Reflectance Spectrometer respectively are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Fig.3. Absorption Curves of (a) TiO2/PbS. Inset:Absorbance v/s Wavelength curve of PbS film (reproduced from ref [5]) (b) TiO2 and TiO2/PbS showing 60% increase in absorption due to deposition of PbS quantum dots. The absorption curve of TiO2/PbS in Fig.3a shows a TiO2 peak at 343 nm along with a peak at 400nm and broad range of absorption which is the peculiarity of PbS quantum dots. This is confirmed from the inset plot reproduced from ref. [5]. PbS quantum dots have absorption edge in the Infrared region which is beyond the range of the plot. Fig.3b shows the absorption difference between TiO2 and PbS coated TiO2. From the curve it is clear that TiO2/PbS absorb more and the percentage increase in the absorption is estimated to be 66.7% from the plot. Fig.4. Tauc Plot of (a) TiO2 showing bandgap of 2.67 eV (b) TiO2/PbS showing the bandgap value of 2.289eV Fig.4a shows the tauc plot of TiO2 which is (ÃŽ ±hÏ…) 0.5 versus hÏ…. This is due to the indirect nature of TiO2. From the plot it can be inferred that the bandgap of the 20 nm TiO2 is 2.67 eV. Fig.4b shows the tauc plot of TiO2/PbS which is the plot of (ÃŽ ±hÏ…)2 versus hÏ….[4] The linearity of the tauc plot confirms its direct transition and the extrapolation of the linear portion on the x-axis gives the bandgap value of 2.289eV. The bandgap thus obtained is more than the bulk bandgap of PbS which is around 0.4eV. This increase is due to the decrease of size as compared to the bulk. The particle size can be estimated from the bandgap value using the empirical formula developed by Iwan Moreels et al. [6] Where Eg is the optical bandgap and d is the estimated size. The estimated size corresponding to the 2.289eV bandgap value is 1.64nm. IV CONCLUSION The photoanode for the solar cell was thus made by depositing PbS quantum dots on TiO2 coated glass substrate using SILAR method. From the spectrophotometer plots, the TiO2/PbS film was observed to give 66.7% more absorbance as compared to only TiO2 film. Also the particle size of 1.64nm was estimated from the tauc plot. The increase in the absorption even with a very small particle size of PbS makes it a very good sensitizer for quantum dot sensitized solar cells as compared to other quantum dots. However the hazards due to its poisonous nature urge the need for a good alternative. REFERENCES [1] Abdelrazek Mousa, â€Å"Synthesis and Characterization of PbS Quantum Dots†, Lund University,2011 [2] Sawanta S. Mali, Shital K. Desai, Smita S. Kalagi, Chirayath A. Betty, Popatrao N. Bhosale, Rupesh S. Devan, Yuan-Ron Mad and Pramod S. Patila , â€Å"PbS quantum dot sensitized anatase TiO2 nanocorals for quantum dot-sensitized solar cell applications† , Dalton Trans., 2012, 41, 6130 [3] Hyo Joong Lee, Peter Chen, Soo-Jin Moon, Frederic Sauvage, Kevin Sivula, Takeru Bessho, Daniel R. Gamelin, Pascal Comte, Shaik M. Zakeeruddin, Sang II Seok, Michael Gratzel and Md. K. Nazeeruddin, â€Å"Regenerative PbS and CdS Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells with Cobalt Complex as Hole Mediator†, American Chemical Society,2009,25(13),7602-7608 [4] A.U.Ubale, A.R.Junghare, N.A. Wadibhasme, A.S Daryapurkar, R.B.Mankar, V.S.Sangawar, â€Å"Thickness Dependent Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Chemically Deposited Nanoparticle PbS Thin Films†, Turk J Phys, 2007, 31,279-286 [5] Lidan Wang, Dongxu Zhao, Zisheng Sui and Dezhen Shen, â€Å"Hybrid polymer/ZnO solar cells sensitized by PbS quantum dots†, Nanoscale Reasearch Letters, 2012, 7:106 [6] Iwan Moreels, Karel Lambert, Dries Smeets, David De Muynck, Tom Nollet, Jose C Martins, Frank Vanhaeke, Andre Vantomme, Christophe Delerue, Guy Allan and Zeger Hens, â€Å"Size Dependent Optical Properties of Colloidal PbS Quantum Dots†, ACS Nano,2009, Vol 3,10,3023-3030

Criminology Reaction Paper

Lea Harebells Guest Speaker Reaction Paper Principles of Criminology When I began listening to guest speaker, Marie Allen, I knew all the given information on heroin was going to be very informative and important. Vive heard many lectures on how drugs affect a person and what kind of life drugs create for someone. Although, when listening to Marie Allen, I realized that this information was going to be much different than other lectures. What I didn't know was that the Marie Allen was truly going to put an impact on my heart and in my life.Marie Allen presented he class with more knowledge and factual information on heroin then any website or television show could ever tell you. There were many things about heroin and heroin addiction that I have never heard before this presentation. Learning that heroin use usually begins in middle school, 7th and 8th grade, really surprised me. I couldn't imagine seeing such a young person addicted to this awful drug. When I heard this, I remembere d that I have a niece who will be starting 8th grade this year and eventually there may come a time that she is offered to try this drug.I feel that now that I know more information on heroin and addiction that I will be able to pass it onto her so if and when that time comes, she will make the right decision. I have also learned that addiction to heroin does more damage to a person than most drugs; it not only creates addicts but it paralyzes them and their lives. We learned that when a person is addicted to heroin they are not the person they use to be. These people become untrustworthy, and their physical and mental health declines terribly.The effects of heroin go deeper than the surface affecting things such as a persons weight, coordination, and heart rate. Towards the end of Marie Allen's presentation, she informed us about many of the people who have lost their lives to heroin. It was devastating to hear about how many people, and many children, who have lost their lives to this drug. The last thing Marie Allen showed us was a video. This video showed a girl when she was very young until she was in her late teens. At the end of this video we found out that the girl was Marie Allen's daughter.What Marie Allen said next was probably one of the most heart wrenching things I have ever heard. She went on to tell us about her daughter and her life long addiction to heroin. We heard about her struggle to fight the addiction, and the many times she thought her daughter was finally free from the drug. Marie Allen then went on to tell us how her daughter was not able to break free from the drug and she was no longer with us. My heart truly went out to Marie Allen. Hearing this information was definitely an overwhelming moment for me.I have eared so many stories about people who have been addicted to drugs and have not lived to see the rest of their lives, although I have never actually met someone who knew someone addicted to this drug or any drug. In my life I have never been in the situation to see someone go through drug addiction. To meet someone whose daughter suffered from drug addiction made me put addiction into a whole new perspective. After hearing and seeing this presentation from Marie Allen, I feel that I am more interested in what these drugs are doing to people and how they are effecting our country.The last time that I heard a presentation or lecture on any type of addiction or drug use, I was probably in the first years of high school. Before this presentation began I was wondering what the speaker would talk about that I didn't already know. I have been taken back by this presentation and the information that Marie Allen provided us with. I have nothing but respect for Marie Allen and everything she has been through. Now that I have heard this presentation on heroin, I definitely have a new outlook on drugs and addiction.

Theme: Gender Stereotyping Essay

Based on the novel, The Curse by Lee Su Ann, I have acquired an interesting theme from the many others that have been portrayed in the story. The theme is gender stereotyping, in which, involves unfair treatment upon the rights of a certain gender requiring them to act in a certain manner, where it is greatly influenced by culture and upbringing. There are a few unfortunate characters in the story who have been condemned to such discrimination and in this story; the female gender faces the dilemma of being subjected to gender stereotyping. The first character is Siti, Puan Kamsiah’s 17 year old daughter. She is a student about in the course of taking her SPM but we have seen in the story where Siti monologues about having to ask a teacher at school to persuade her father to let sit for the exam. Traditionally, the female stereotypic role is to marry early, be obedient and submissive and Siti, like every other woman before her, is required to follow the customs and norms. This shows that in that society, women, in general, have no say in their lives especially for someone as young as Siti. Siti was also portrayed to have felt a sense of envy towards Azreen who was lucky enough to have furthered her studies overseas, in London, while she is still shaky on taking her SPM. Opinion provided, her father’s role in making decisions may well ruin the possibility of a bright future as mentioned in the book where Siti is actually a hard-working student who loves to study. Secondly, the character Madhuri is the perfect depiction of how gender stereotyping may ruin someone’s life and in her case, it took away her life. Madhuri as portrayed in the novel is the perfect example of a woman who possesses the behaviour requirements and is considered innocent by the villagers through her soft spoken ways. She can teach Qu’ran lessons to the children of the village and she can cook very well as seen when Azreen’s mother asks for the porridge Madhuri made. Madhuri also obliges her father’s manipulative orders to marry Haji Ghani despite having the flutters for another. Additionally, Madhuri takes care of her parents even after her marriage to Haji Ghani. As a reader, I have seen how this changed in the  eyes of Azreen when she finds out the truth regarding her sister’s death and secret love affair to Asraf. Madhuri’s character takes a big leap in change and naturally becomes her facade to cover up for the forbidden affair that she had entangled herself into. She is no longer the perfect idol for women to follow and men to like and this contrast led to her demise. In my opinion, her naivety to confess her true heart led to the adulteration of her flawless personality which was perceived by the ignorant and self-righteous villagers. When her egoistic father discovered the truth, he had killed her in uncontrollable rage, not being able to accept his daughter loving other than her own husband. Lastly, gender stereotyping is depicted throughout the novel, in the main character Azreen through the aspect of female behaviourism. This statement is further proven when Azreen’s school friends start to cast suspicious eyes towards her when she behaves unlady-like. She plays hockey with the boys and even â€Å"laughs like a bunch of hyenas† with them. To them, as a woman, Azreen is not expected to be tomboyish and hangs too closely with boys. She is also considered obstinate and rude by the villagers and her own parents when she chooses to speak her mind rather than remain silent which is against the norms of the villagers as shown in various occasions in the novel, namely, the bull incident where she takes the blame for Asraf out of loyalty in friendship. In my opinion, Azreen’s unladylike and outspoken behaviour has triggered a sense of discomfort among the people around her as she does behave in the stereotyped manner, where they perceive her as disrespectin g the elderly. People tend to be cast out when they don’t follow certain norms of a society. This is evident in the reasons that I have stated. In my opinion, Lee Su Ann has shown perfectly how narrow-minded thinking can lead to detrimental outcomes. These sorts of stereotypes can prove harmful; they can stifle individual expression and creativity, as well as hinder personal and professional growth. Additional point: Puan Fatihah. In the sense of a woman having to marry and produce offspring, Puan Fatihah is seen as someone who has failed this. She is incapable of bearing her husband a child and always feels insecure about herself. This flaw renders her nearly useless in her husband’s eyes when she is unable to fulfill her duty as wife. I can understand her pain of insecurity as she looks into the mirror and see her unstoppable aging face. Meanwhile, Hj Ghani the insensitive husband marries another woman, Madhuri, who is by both men and women’s standards beautiful. We have seen how much the villagers worship her flawless personality and beauty and Hj Ghani, despite a wise man, also falls for the stereotyped mind set. Pn Fatihah’s declining beauty has caused her to feel envy towards Madhuri and to be angry at her husband. However, it is not her fault, but rather, the fault of the villagers who use the subject of beauty to measure the worth of a woman. How sure you are that it was not Hj Ghani who is barren? Madhuri, the second wife, also did not produce a child for him before her untimely death.

Sleep Is A Condition Of Body And Mind - 1230 Words

According to the Oxford dictionary, sleep is a condition of body and mind in which the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed and consciousness is practically suspended. Sleep typically recurs for several hours every night. It is made up of two states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep that alternate in a repetitive cycle across a sleep episode (Carskadon Dement 2011). Memory is defined as a behavioral change caused by an experience. Declarative memory is available to our consciousness, and concerns events and facts. Procedural memory, on the other hand, is not available to our consciousness, and is the memory that is needed to use a previously learned skill (Okano, Hirano Balaban, 2000, p.12403). In the second edition of Learning and Memory, short-term memory, also known as working memory, is defined as a hypothetical system in the brain that stores a limited amount of information for a relatively brief period of time (Purdy et al. 2001). In the article â€Å"What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory?† written by Nelson Cowan, he contends that short-term memory is the capability that the human mind can retain a limited amount of information in a very accessible state temporarily. He also differentiates short-term memory from working memory, stating that working memory is used to plan or carry out behavior. Working memory includes short-term memory, but also includes otherShow MoreRelatedSleep : A Condition Of Body And Mind990 Words   |  4 PagesSleep:/slÄ“p/ (noun) 1. 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